Engineers are increasingly turning to innovative materials that offer the ideal combination of lower weight, durability and electrical conductivity to meet the growing need for smaller, tougher connectors.
The Shift Away from Copper
Driven by the need for lighter, more efficient designs, engineers are shifting away from copper in favor of alternative materials. While copper is an excellent conductor, its weight and bulk pose challenges, leading to the trend of “lightweighting.”
Lightweight alternatives, such as aluminum alloys and specialized high-strength steel, offer comparable or superior electrical conductivity while substantially reducing the overall weight of the connector. However, engineers must carefully consider factors like thermal expansion coefficients, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties compared to copper. A thorough evaluation must be completed to ensure the selected material can withstand environmental stresses and operating conditions of the intended application.
The Resilience of High-Performance Polymers
High-performance polymers (HPPs) transcend the traditional limitations of materials, offering a combination of lightweight construction and exceptional durability. These advanced materials not only enable the creation of smaller, lightweight connectors but also enhance durability and resilience in extreme conditions.
HPPs feature exceptional mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, stiffness and impact resistance, allowing connectors to withstand physical stresses. Additionally, HPPs offer excellent thermal stability, maintaining their structural integrity and electrical performance over a wide temperature range. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) offers a balance of strength, stiffness and chemical resistance, making it a versatile choice for connector housings and other components.
Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs), for example, show exceptional resistance to extremely high temperatures, making them ideal for applications including automotive engine compartments and aerospace electronics. Another popular HPP, polyphthalamide (PPA), is known for its high melting point and low moisture absorption. This provides dimensional stability and mechanical strength in demanding environments.